Germany's Sensor SENSE by yourDragonXi Δ 20th of May 2016 Ω 9:49 AM

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~ Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean ~ German Research Foundation ~ Continental VDO	~ Infineon ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
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«Sensor Sensing	Θ	Θ
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~ Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean

»Oxygen Depletion: A New Form of Ocean Habitat Loss
ξ An international team of physical oceanographers including a researcher from Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego
ξ has discovered that oxygen-poor regions of tropical oceans are expanding as
ξ the oceans warm,
ξ limiting the areas in which predatory fishes and other marine organisms can live or enter in search of food.

ξ Janet Sprintall contributed data from the cruise to a new study describing declining oxygen levels in tropical oceans
ξ The new study is led by Lothar Stramma from the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR) in Kiel, Germany
ξ and is co-authored by Janet Sprintall, a physical oceanographer at Scripps Oceanography and others
ξ The researchers found through analysis of a database of ocean oxygen measurements
ξ that levels in tropical oceans at a depth of 300 to 700 meters (985 to 2,300 feet) have declined during the past 50 years
ξ The ecological impacts of this increase could have substantial biological and economical consequences.
ξ "We found the largest reduction in a depth of 300 to 700 meters (985 to 2,300 feet) in the tropical northeast Atlantic,
ξ whereas the changes in the eastern Indian Ocean were much less pronounced," said Stramma.
ξ "Whether or not these observed changes in oxygen can be attributed to global warming alone is still unresolved.
ξ The reduction in oxygen may also be caused by natural processes on shorter time scales."
ξ Sprintall said the oxygen-poor areas have the potential to move into coastal areas via currents
ξ that flow from the mid-depth tropical oceans, where the oxygen changes were observed, and along the west coast of continents.
ξ "The width of the low-oxygen zone is expanding deeper but also shoaling toward the ocean surface," said Sprintall,
ξ a specialist in observing changes of fluxes in ocean properties such as heat distribution.
ξ Sprintall contributed data to the study gathered during recent cruises undertaken as part of the Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) program,
ξ a long-running study operated by the World Climate Research Programme
ξ that seeks to understand climate through ocean-atmosphere interactions.
ξ The study, "Expanding Oxygen-Minimum Zones in the Tropical Oceans," appears in the May 2 edition of the journal Science.
ξ The research team includes Stramma, Sprintall, NOAA scientist Gregory Johnson, and
ξ Volker Mohrholz from the Institute for Baltic Sea Research in Warnemünde, Germany.
ξ The team selected ocean regions for which they could obtain the greatest amount of data to document the decline in oxygen.
ξ Some of the more recent data came from oxygen sensors which have been added to about 150 of the profiling floats used in Argo,
ξ a worldwide network of sensors that track basic ocean conditions such as temperature and salinity.
ξ There are more than 3,000 Argo floats operating in the world's oceans, and
ξ Sprintall said the quality of the data gathered by the Argo floats suggests that more units in the network should be outfitted with oxygen sensors.

ξ Lisa Levin, a biological oceanographer at Scripps Oceanography
ξ who studies oxygen-minimum zones that intercept the seafloor,
ξ said an expansion of oxygen-minimum zones in the oceans could lead to diminished biodiversity and
ξ to the expanded distributions of organisms that have adapted to live in hypoxic, or oxygen-poor waters.

ξ During an April 2007 CLIVAR cruise,
ξ researchers collected water samples from the Indian Ocean to measure their oxygen content.
ξ An international team incorporated the results into an analysis of global oxygen-minimum zone expansion.
ξ "I think it's uncharted territory," said Levin, who was not affiliated with the study.
ξ "Thicker oxygen minimum zones could affect nutrient cycling, predator-prey relationships and plankton migrations.
ξ Where the expanding oxygen-minimum zones impinge on continental margins, we could see huge ecosystem changes."

ξ The results of the study are an important milestone for the ongoing work of the new Collaborative Research Centre (SFB 754)
ξ "Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean" funded by the German Research Foundation,
ξ which started its first phase in January 2008 in close cooperation with the University of Kiel.
ξ The SFB aims to better define the interactions between climate and biogeochemistry on a quantitative basis.

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~ German Research Foundation

»German Research Foundation

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~ Continental VDO

»Continental VDO

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~ Infineon

»www.infineon.com

IoSense pilot in Dresden
European pilot line project for sensors and sensor systems
at the Dresden site of Infineon Technologies AG (FSE: IFX / OTCQX: IFNNY)
The Internet of Things (IoT) will require vast quantities of sensors in order to succeed.
Cost-effective production of sensor systems is, therefore, a key prerequisite
as they enable devices and systems to capture and process the properties of the physical world.

Dr. Reinhard Ploss, CEO of Infineon Technologies AG.
Sensor solutions from Infineon in cars make a major contribution to improving road safety.
With an increasingly networked world and the Internet of Things,
the demand for such sensor solutions will see a dramatic rise.
In addition, sensors are increasingly employed in smartphones and lifestyle products.
We will benefit from this market growth through new sensor technologies and competitive production methods“.

IoSense is part of ECSEL, the European support program for microelectronics.
It is designed to further strengthen Germany and Europe in the production of
more flexible, more application-oriented and more cost-effective sensors and sensor systems.

For three years, 33 partners from six countries will perform R&D along the entire value chain.
The project has a budget of 65 million euros and will be led by Infineon Technologies Dresden GmbH.
The EU is supporting the venture within the context of ECSEL with 14.7 million euros.
The German state of Saxony and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) will jointly contribute 5.2 million euros to the project.

At the heart of IoSense is the building of pilot lines with complementary competencies:
from the development of new sensor technologies and methods
for competitive high-volume manufacturing to the creation of new application examples.

Together with the project partners, representatives from the participating funding bodies and governmental authorities
attended the kick-off ceremony in Dresden.
Infineon’s CEO Dr. Reinhard Ploss welcomed the Prime Minister of Saxony, Stanislaw Tillich, and
Prof. Wolf-Dieter Lukas, Departmental Head of the BMBF.

Prime Minister Stanislaw Tillich said:
“With the official launch of IoSense, Saxony once more lives up to its reputation as a leading European microelectronics destination.
Future technologies, know-how and innovation are at home in Saxony.
Therefore, we are the only region in Europe funding projects within the research program ECSEL, together with the member state.
In future, Europe must invest even more in research and development and
bundle the core competencies in microelectronics to safeguard Europe as a destination both for research and production”.

Prof. Wolf-Dieter Lukas underlined the importance of microelectronics and
explained the strategy of Germany’s Federal Government:
Microelectronics are the central drivers of digitalization.
Therefore, the Federal Government has put special emphasis on this key technology.
This is reflected in the framework resolved by the Federal Cabinet this year,
as well as by the participation of Germany in the European ECSEL initiative.
It is our aim to safeguard value creation and employment opportunities both in Germany and Europe
and to shape the digital transformation with regard to its implications on society and technology”.

Bert De Colvenaer, Executive Director of ECSEL Joint Undertaking,
summarized the project from a European perspective:
ECSEL JU is the leading instrument for securing important key technologies in Europe.
In that regard IoSense is an excellent example in terms of project set-up,
consortium and objectives as it is contributing actively to sustainable wellbeing,
security and prosperity in Europe.
It enables the countries to continue developing ambitious innovation and
to strengthen global competitiveness in this critical technological area
that is impacting both economy and societal life sustainably.

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