Hydrogen Sensing of California Δ 26th of October 2018 Ω 2:11 PM

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~ Green Hydrogen ~ California Hydrogen Highway ~ Hydrogen Pathway Program by UCDAVIS	~ Future Farmers ~ California Hydrogen Fueling Stations Project ~ Air Resources Board	~ CESA ~ Honda Solar Hydrogen Refueling Station ~ PolyFuel
~ Intematix ~ California Fuel Cell Partnership ~ South Bay Cities	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
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«U.S. Hydrogen Sensing	Θ	Θ
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~ Green Hydrogen

Green hydrogen - e-hydrogen

Governor Brown signed State Senator Nancy Skinner’s (D-Berkeley) SB 1369
laid the groundwork for California to produce and utilize green electrolytic hydrogen
to store excess renewably-generated electricity so that it can be deployed when needed

green hydrogen to be an indispensable tool in California’s energy storage toolkit
utilizing renewable electricity to produce hydrogen puts the most abundant element in the universe
to work to achieve California’s ambitious climate protection goals

renewable electricity generation fluctuates depending on the availability of sunlight and wind,
often producing more electricity than is needed when sunlight or wind are most abundant
this excess green electricity can be used to power the process that splits water to extract hydrogen
the resulting hydrogen can then be stored and deployed when needed
to re-generate electricity or cleanly fuel buses and vehicles

SB 1369 adopts a definition for “Green Electrolytic Hydrogen” (e-hydrogen)
as hydrogen made with excess electricity from renewable sources
state regulatory agencies, utilities or other entities could potentially propose energy storage projects
that utilize this technology and comply with this definition

the ability to capture and smooth out fluctuations in renewable electricity generation
makes e hydrogen critical to achieving California’s 100 percent renewable energy goal
additionally, as a non carbon fuel source, e-hydrogen can also help in the transition to zero-emission vehicles
Alameda Contra Costa Transit (AC Transit) already uses zero-emission hydrogen buses in its fleet, and
SB 1369 opens the door to more transit and other vehicles benefitting from clean e-hydrogen production

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~ California Hydrogen Highway

»California Hydrogen Highway

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~ Hydrogen Pathway Program by UCDAVIS

»Hydrogen Pathway Program by UCDAVIS

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~ Future Farmers

»Future Farmers

DIY Algae/Hydrogen Bioreactor

DIY Algae/Hydrogen Kit
ξ was a first time collaboration between Amy Franceschini and Jonathan Meuser
ξ scientists are testing and generating strains of algae to determine
ξ which one most efficiently produces hydrogen in a process called "biophotolysis"
ξ most of the activity takes place under highly controlled environments in laboratories within universities
ξ Amy was interested in creating a "backyard/DIY" model which would allow people (not only scientists) to produce hydrogen
ξ researcher, Jonathan Meuser used this opportunity to exhibit a model of "biophotolysis" to test a system in his backyard
ξ it produced hydrogen and could demonstrate the process using off the shelf and found supplies

Maria Ghirardi
ξ green algae can produce hydrogen gas, H2, in a process called "biophotolysis" or "photobiological hydrogen production"
ξ this process is carried out by photosynthetic enzymes
ξ these split water to obtain electrons, excite these electrons with photons, and eventually use these electrons to reduce 2H+ to H2
ξ the enzyme that actually releases the hydrogen, called a "reversible hydrogenase", is sensitive to oxygen
ξ the process of photosynthesis, of course, produces oxygen
ξ this normally stops hydrogen production very quickly in green algae
ξ to overcome this problem scientists are generating O2-tolerant, H2-producing mutants of the green alga
ξ Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by various genetic approaches
ξ the ultimate goal of this work is to develop a water-splitting process
ξ that will result in a commercial H2-producing system that is cost effective, scalable to large production, non-polluting, and self-sustaining

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~ California Hydrogen Fueling Stations Project

»Hydrogen fueling stations stall in Calif.
ξ only 175 vehicles in California running on hydrogen and nearly all of those are in government fleets
ξ Mary Nichols (Chairman) of the state Air Resources Board said the hydrogen fueling station program is still on track

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~ Air Resources Board

»Air Resources Board
ξ he Board now employs roughly 1,200 engineers, scientists and attorneys, with an annual operating budget of more than $750 million.

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~ CESA

»www.storagealliance.org

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~ Honda Solar Hydrogen Refueling Station

HONDA SOLAR HYDROGEN REFUELING STATION
ξ California R&D unit conducts studies on hydrogen production, storage and fueling using renewable energy sources
ξ unit supports Honda's ongoing fuel cell-powered vehicle development program
ξ in July 2001, Honda R&D Company, Ltd. and U.S.-based Honda R&D Americas, Inc. opened the first solar powered hydrogen production and fueling station
ξ the station uses an array of photovoltaic (PV) cells to extract hydrogen from water via electrolysis
ξ when power from the PV array is unavailable or insufficient, electricity from the grid is used for the electrolysis process
ξ Honda has been participating in the California Fuel Cell Partnership

Hydrogen Fueling Station
ξ located at Honda's research and development center in Torrance, CA
ξ 8 kW array of photovoltaic (PV) cells
ξ Electrolysis system that uses electricity to extract hydrogen from water
ξ Control system for using solar-generated electricity with maximum efficiency
ξ Compressor for compressing the hydrogen to 350 bar (5000 psi) for storage
ξ Compressed hydrogen storage tank with a capacity of 400 liters at 350 bar

The system
ξ when running exclusively on solar energy, can produce about 5,700 liters (at 350 bar) of gaseous hydrogen per year
ξ this is enough to fuel one car for a year
ξ by using both solar power and electricity from the grid, the station's production capability is 26,000 liters per year
ξ cars can be fueled at the rate of 20 liters per minute
ξ hydrogen is dispensed to the vehicle using a unique fast-fill and multi-bank cascade system
ξ a mass flow sensor records the amount of fuel delivered
ξ an innovative pure water recirculation system keeps water losses in the electrolyser at a minimum
ξ the control system maximizes hydrogen production efficiency by regulating fluctuations in electric power production caused by changes in sunlight intensity
ξ Honda is able to minimize energy losses associated with producing hydrogen using solar energy
ξ nearly silent operation
ξ visual impact; it promotes a “customer-friendly” image with its graceful canopy design and its compact and easy-to-operate features
ξ all hardware systems are hidden from the user, so the station is not at all “intimidating”
ξ it conveys a positive sense of the future of energy, including renewable options and safe operation

Fulling Process
ξ does not embed payment - station is inside R&D center
ξ the station was built to standards for hydrogen systems developed by the National Fire Protection Association
ξ an infrared camera is used to monitor operations at all times
ξ the system is designed to immediately shut down in the event of an earthquake
ξ Honda fueling station achieves vehicle refueling without special clothing requirements (in contrast to Ford and the Chicago Transit Authority)
ξ designed so that hydrogen fuel may be accepted by society
ξ the refueling operation is easy enough for everyone to use because the station requires the user to go through specific refueling steps,
ξ communicated through the touch screen interface panel
ξ once hydrogen begins flowing into the vehicle, Honda has no special safety rule regarding where the operator should position himself
ξ For example, Chicago requires the operator to leave the area until fueling was completed
ξ at Honda, the operator usually stands by and watches the fueling process
ξ the only weather/environmental condition that Honda has identified during which fueling is not to be done
ξ is an actual or expected thunder and/or lightning storm
ξ since the facility is outdoors, in general, fueling is not done when it is raining

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~ PolyFuel

»PolyFuel
ξ the objective of EERE project is to further integrate and miniaturize the components of PolyFuel's portable power system for use in mobile computing
ξ and analyze failure modes to increase durability
ξ Polyfuel will also conduct a design for manufacturability and assembly review
ξ to ensure that the systems meet the cost targets for commercialization
ξ $2.5 million

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~ Intematix

»Intematix
ξ envolved in IEA's Task 26

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~ California Fuel Cell Partnership

»California Fuel Cell Partnership

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»South Bay Cities

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