Hydrogen Sensing of Italy Δ 13th of January 2014 Ω 5:11 AM

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~ Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ~ Centro Ricerche Fiat ~ RegioneLombardia	~ AnsaldoEnergia ~ SGS Future ~ Enel	~ Environment Park ~ sense for Ξ ~ Acta
~ Finmeccanica ~ IEAHIA ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
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«Hydrogen Sensing	Θ	Θ
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~ Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

»Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
ξ »Bianca Maria Poti

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~ Centro Ricerche Fiat

»Centro Ricerche Fiat
ξ »Giuseppe Rovera

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~ RegioneLombardia

»RegioneLombardia
ξ »Paolo Alli

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~ AnsaldoEnergia

»AnsaldoEnergia
ξ »Angelo Airaghi
»Finmeccanica

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~ SGS Future

»SGS Future

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~ Enel

»Enel
ξ Italy's largest power company and Europe's second-largest utility for installed capacity
ξ the second-largest Italian distributor and vendor of natural gas,
ξ with over 2.3 million customers and a 12% market share
ξ has 58,548 employees and operates a wide range of hydroelectric, thermoelectric, nuclear, geothermal, wind-power, and photovoltaic power stations

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~ Environment Park

»Environment Park

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~ Acta

»Acta

General
ξ formed to exploit a breakthrough in catalyst technology, made by scientists in Tuscany, Italy
ξ the AIM listed catalyst developer
ξ a strategic investment by Sumitomo Corporation

HYPERMEC chemistry
ξ Acta was founded to exploit a unique method of manufacturing catalysts so as to produce high performance without the use of platinum
ξ After several years of years of development, Acta now has a number of patent protected technologies for platinum-free power.
ξ HYPERMEC chemistry is the name given to Acta's catalyst technologies.

Multi fuel capability
ξ HYPERMEC catalysts have demonstrated excellent power performance with a very wide range of fuels
ξ Acta is fuel agnostic: supplies catalysts for whatever application and with whichever fuel the customer requires
Ethanol:
ξ safe, non toxic, practical and environmentally friendly
Glycerol:
ξ a by-product of bio-diesel manufacture which is coming into over supply
ξ is also safe, non toxic, environmentally friendly
ξ ideal for use in fuel cells because it does not freeze or evaporate in normal conditions
Methanol:
ξ toxic but already widely used in fuel cell development programmes
Sodium borohydride:
ξ exceptionally high performance at room temperature
Butanol:
ξ another bio-fuel
Ammonia:
ξ high hydrogen content and no CO2 emissions

Cost advantages
ξ HYPERMEC catalysts for fuel cells are platinum free, offering immense cost advantages against the current platinum technology.

Platinum
ξ expensive at over $30,000 per kg of metal ($15,000 on a 50% Pt/C catalyst)
ξ volatile: the price is prone to sharp fluctuations and has more than doubled in the last six years
ξ scarce: over 80% is mined in South Africa from deep mines. Increases in supply are hard to deliver and take time
ξ in demand: demand for Pt from car and lorry catalytic convertors is predicted to continue to grow strongly

HYPERMEC catalysts
ξ Use a basket of metals costing at most $500 per kg of catalyst
ξ Use abundant metals
ξ Have a low metal loading - generally 4-10%

Templating technology produces small well dispersed particles
ξ core technology involves the use of a templating polymer during the manufacturing process
ξ to arrange the metal particles prior to deposition on the catalyst support material
ξ during the subsequent reduction process the metals alloy together to produce a stable lattice of well dispersed particles of small size

Use of binary and ternary metal combinations
ξ Acta�s process allows the use of a range of metals which are then well dispersed together
ξ for example Acta may use iron-cobalt-nickel or iron-cobalt combinations
ξ other metals can also be used, such as zinc, tin, gold or palladium
ξ the ammonia electrolyser uses a small amount of platinum

Development supported by external institutes
ξ Milan CNR provides HR-TEM analysis
ξ access to a particle accelerator (synchrotron) for EXAFS analysis

Hydrogen Generation
ξ 7-series electrodes for ammonia electrolysis
ξ 8-series electrodes for water electrolysis
ξ 9-series catalyst powder and pellets for ethanol reforming
ξ Anion Exchange Membrane from Tokuyama

HYPERMEC 3-Series Anode
ξ Platinum-free anode catalyst for fuel cells dispersed on carbon powder.
ξ Provides excellent performance with ethanol, methanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, butanol, iso-propanol and sodium borohydride fuels from room temperature
ξ For use with anion exchange membrane (AEM).
ξ Temperature stable at all AEM operating temperatures
ξ Use with 0.5% to 10% KOH or other alkaline electrolyte
ξ Contains combination of Ni, Co, Sn, Zn or Pd depending upon application
ξ Tolerant to carbon monoxide

HYPERMEC 4-series cathode
ξ fully selective, platinum-free cathode catalyst for fuel cells dispersed on carbon powder
ξ excellent oxygen reduction catalyst for use in a wide variety of applications
ξ full selectivity ensures no reaction due to fuel crossover
ξ for use with anion exchange membrane (AEM) or PEMFC.
ξ Temperature stable to 800C
ξ Contains Fe and Co

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~ Finmeccanica

ξ Ansaldo Energia - Finmeccanica Italy angelo.airaghi@finmeccanica.it +39 06 32 47 3262
ξ Finmeccanica

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~ IEAHIA

»IEAHIA

Agostino lacobazzi
ENEA
ENEA IDROCOMB Casaccia Research Center
VIa Anguillarese, 301
00060 Rome
tel: +3906 3048 3790
fax: +3906 3048 6306
e-mail: iacobazzi@casaccia.enea.it

Marco Bracco
ENEA IDROCOMB, Casaccia Research Center
Via Anguillarese, 301
00060 Rome
e-mail: bracco@casaccia.enea.it

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