Gas Sensing of Finland Δ 22th of September 2014 Ω 6:44 AM

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~ Fortum ~ Wärtsilä ~ VTT Research	~ Outokumpu ~ Rautaruukki ~ EPV Energy	~ Government ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
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«Gas Sensing	Θ	Θ
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~ Fortum

»Fortum

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~ Wärtsilä

»Wärtsilä

Wärtsilä dual-fuel engines
ξ have two different injection systems
ξ a micro pilot injection system injects a very small amount of liquid fuel when the engine is operating in gas mode
ξ the micro pilot system is of the common rail type, which allows for very small injection amounts
ξ this makes it possible to meet very stringent emission regulations, which would be impossible if a normal injection system were used
ξ a conventional injection system is used when the engine is run on liquid fuel
ξ such as heavy fuel oil or of course diesel oil if that is the fuel choice
ξ fuel flexibility and high efficiency are the main advantages of the dual-fuel technology

Natural gas
ξ the dominating gaseous fuels in the world are natural gases of pipeline quality
ξ they have been in use in Wärtsilä gas engines since 1990
ξ are at present the fastest growing group of fuels in the world
ξ other qualities of fuel gas are evaluated as need arise
ξ aside of the spark-ignited and pilot fuel-ignited lean-burn engines there is the gas diesel engine that will burn virtually any combustible gas

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~ VTT Research

»VTT Research

Natural gas
ξ BP estimates the current R/P ratio for natural gas at 63 years (BP 2007)
ξ Natural gas resources are more evenly distributed than oil resources
ξ the share of natural gas estimated to rise, even though gas use grows less quickly than projected in earlier projections, due to higher prices

ξ Increase in natural gas demand comes mainly from the power sector
ξ a small growing share will come from gas-to-liquids plants
ξ possibly from the production of hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles
ξ Natural gas derived hydrogen is widely used in the refining industry for ungrading of liquid transportation fuels
ξ Natural gas is seen as a bridge to a future hydrogen society
ξ Biogas and hydrogen can be blended into natural gas, offering a possibility to introduce renewable components into natural gas

ξ a significant increase in gas usage requires the utilization of remote natural gas sources
ξ that requires liquefaction (LNG or synthetic fuels) and leads to an increase in shipping volumes and in fuel prices

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~ Outokumpu

»Outokumpu

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~ Rautaruukki

»Rautaruukki

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~ EPV Energy

»EPV Energy

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~ Government

The Finnish government in News
Granted 65.2 million euros (84.22 million US dollar) in subsidies to build three small liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals
to cut on use of fuel oil and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in industr.

Finland is building a network of LNG terminals along its coastline,
expecting that LNG will be increasingly used as a shipping fuel in the Baltic Sea.

"With the help of this support, Manga LNG Oy, Skangass Oy, and Oy Aga Ab
will build LNG terminals in Tornio, Pori and Rauma respectively," the ministry said in a statement.

Manga LNG is a joint venture, which includes Finnish stainless steel maker Outokumpu Oyj.
Finnish utility Gasum owns 51 percent of Norwegian Skangass,
while Swedish Aga is owned by German industrial gases maker Linde AG.

"These new terminals will help facilitate a move to significantly reduce
the industrial use of fuel oil and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) in Finland," the ministry added.

From the start of the next year, all ships operating in the North Sea,
Baltic Sea and English Channel will have to use a fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 0.1 percent.

Ships are typically powered by heavy fuel oil or bunker oil, which contain 2.5 to 3 percent sulfur on average.
To comply with new rules ship owners could use low-sulfur marine gasoil,
which can cost four times as much as high-sulfur bunker fuel, put filters or use LNG.
The later option means that ships would need expensive retrofitting, and a reliable supply chain.

On land companies could be interested to replacing LPG with LNG to cut carbon emissions.
Investments into the three terminals with a combined storage capacity of 90,000 cubic meters
will total more than 200 million euros, and they are expected to come in operation in 2016-2017, the ministry said.

The government is still assessing requests for providing investment support for another three terminals.

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