Coal Sensing of California Δ 13th of January 2014 Ω 5:11 AM

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«U.S. Coal Energy Sensing	Θ	Θ
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The Sasol Slurry Phase Distillate

Natural Gas Reforming - Step 1
ξ This step converts natural gas (largely methane) mixed together with oxygen into synthesis gas,
ξ also known as syngas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide).
ξ The natural gas is preheated and fed to the reforming reactor, where three main reactions take place:

Steam Reforming: CH4 + H2O -> CO + 3H2
Partial Oxidation: CH4 + 3/2O2 -> CO + 2H2O
Water Gas Shift: CO + H2O -> CO2 + H2

This mature process technology has been used in many commercial facilities as the first step for producing ammonia, hydrogen and methanol.
Sasol has performed extensive integration studies to establish an optimum technology fit
for natural gas reforming in the Sasol Slurry Phase Distillate™ process.
The Haldor Topsøe oxygen-fired autothermal reforming technology provides the best fit.

Fischer-Tropsch Conversion - Step 2
ξ The second step converts synthesis gas into a broad range hydrocarbon stream using the Sasol Slurry Phase reactor technology
ξ This conversion step is the heart of the process.
ξ Simplified, the Fischer-Tropsch reaction is:

CO + 2H2 -> -CH2- + H20

In the Sasol Slurry Phase reactor, preheated synthesis gas is fed in to the bottom of the reactor
where it is distributed into slurry consisting of liquid hydrocarbon and catalyst particles.
As the gas bubbles upward through the slurry, it diffuses into the slurry and
is converted into a range of hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction.
The heat generated from this reaction is removed through the reactor's cooling coils, which generate steam.
The heavier (wax) fraction is separated from the slurry containing the catalyst particles in a proprietary process developed by Sasol.
The lighter, more volatile fraction is extracted in a gas stream from the top of the reactor.
The gas stream is cooled to recover the lighter hydrocarbons and water.
The intermediate hydrocarbon streams are sent to the Product Upgrading Unit,
while the water stream is treated in a Water Recovery Unit.

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