BIO Sensing of Japan Δ 13th of January 2014 Ω 5:11 AM

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~ Climate Change ~ Biomass Nippon Case Program ~ Fishing and Farming Fuel Breaks	~ Japanece Policy ~ Milk and Bio Fuel ~ CDM Consulting Co., Ltd.	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
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«BIO Sensing	Θ	Θ
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~ Climate Change

»G20 energy chiefs push for more egalitarian climate pact

ξ developing countries, led by fast-growing China and India, did not support Japan's sectoral approach
ξ Japan is prepared to hold an international workshop in May 2008 to work on the details of the sectoral approach
ξ to help the world halve its greenhouse gas emission by 2050,
ξ Japan proposed during talks to develop efficient technologies, including biofuel and expanded solar power networks

ξ energy and environment ministers from 20 top emitters of carbon dioxide kicked off a discussion
ξ to explore the creation of an international framework for fighting global warming to succeed the Kyoto Protocol
ξ former British Prime Minister Tony Blair
ξ Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Akira Amari
ξ Environment Minister Ichiro Kamoshita
ξ the 4th Ministerial Meeting of the Gleneagles Dialogue in Chiba
ξ Japan hosting the Group of Eight Summit to be held in Toyako, Hokkaido, in July 2008
ξ securing the groundwork for a climate-protecting agenda that can bring all countries on board
ξ creating a framework that all major greenhouse gas emitting countries take part in
ξ the meeting known as the G8 Gleneagles Dialogue on Climate Change, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development
ξ focus on strategies for distributing climate-friendly technologies,
ξ investment in climate protection and structuring the post-Kyoto framework
ξ methods to give financial and technological support to developing economies to fight climate change
ξ Group of 20: China, India, Brazil, Indonesia, Iran, South Africa, South Korea, Poland, Mexico, Spain, Australia and the EU + G8
ξ countries represent approximately 80 percent of the world's carbon dioxide emissions
ξ representatives of the International Energy Agency, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank also attended
ξ Japan has insisted that a post-2013 framework must ensure fairness in allocating reduction obligations
ξ Japan proposed that climate-change initiatives be based on sectoral approach
ξ industries that produce high levels of greenhouse gas emissions, for example the steel, electricity and oil refining industries,
ξ would aim to cut emissions by using the best available energy-saving technology
ξ developing countries would also receive technology from developed countries, such as Japan
ξ U.S. Under Secretary of State Paula Dobriansky, chief of the American delegation welcomed the sectoral approaches proposed by Japan
ξ China and South Africa reluctant to adopt the system

Japan proposed developing 21 technologies to help the world halve its current greenhouse gas output by 2050
ξ coal- and gas-fueled power plants with near-zero emissions,
ξ solar power advances,
ξ vehicles powered by fuel cells or biofuels,
ξ hydrogen-based steelmaking, and
ξ advanced nuclear power

ξ environment minister Kamoshita held bilateral meetings with Dobriansky and Phil Woolas,
ξ the British minister of state for department for environment, food and rural affairs

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~ Biomass Nippon Case Program

Government targets reduction in biofuel costs by 2015
ξ Japan will step up its efforts to produce cheaper biofuels by 2015
ξ to ensure energy security amid rising oil prices
ξ Japan be able to produce at least 100,000 to 200,000 kiloliters of biofuels annually from grass plants at a cost of Ľ40 per liter by adopting innovative technologies.
ξ the road map to meet this target by 2015 states that Japan needs to secure 670,000 tons of dried grass annually from a piece of land having an area of 13,270 hectares.
ξ Japan imports most of its oil
ξ wants to carry out a pilot project, either in Japan or elsewhere in Asia, if an area large enough cannot be found at home
ξ the panel at the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry came up with a program for Japan to make better use of untapped biomass energy sources, including logging residues and rice straw
ξ Japan could produce 15,000 kiloliters of biofuels annually from these resources already available in the country at a cost of Ľ100 per liter.
ξ Japan wants to have at least 500,000 kiloliters of biofuels in use by 2010

»Japan Working Toward Cheaper Biofuel Production by 2015
ξ the current volume of biofuels being introduced is far below that goal
ξ Japan has virtually no domestic biofuel supplies
ξ most biofuels in Japan are imported
ξ the price of domestically produced biofuels ranges from over 100 yen to several thousand yen per liter,
ξ compared with, for instance, about 70 yen per liter for biofuels from Brazil

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~ Fishing and Farming Fuel Breaks

Fishing, farming fuel breaks to end
ξ fishermen and farmers may face higher oil taxes
ξ if Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda's government fails to extend an exemption that expires March 31
ξ the 30-year-old law gives fishery and agricultural businesses a tax break totaling Ľ3.8 billion a year
ξ the industries consume 1.9 million kiloliters, or about 12 million barrels, of diesel oil annually
ξ the gas subsidy, better known as the oil and coal tax exemption, frees farmers and fishermen using A-type fuel oil from payment of a Ľ2,040-tax on a kiloliter of the fuel
ξ the government has extended the law every two years since it was enacted in 1978
ξ the extension of a tax on gasoline sales could cost the government Ľ2.6 trillion if the bill fails to be passed
ξ Japan's fishing industry is in deep trouble already with record crude prices
ξ fish catch has plunged to about 5 million tons a year from as high as 12 million tons in the 1970s
ξ another increase in fuel costs will drive people out of the business, accelerating the decline
ξ fishermen have shifted from working far offshore to adjacent waters to save on boat fuel, thereby reducing catches
ξ farmers are also struggling with higher costs
ξ the situation for agriculture is severe because of high oil prices

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~ Japanece Policy

»Japanece Policy

Japanese policy
ξ Japan has committed to both the Kyoto Protocol and the Asia-Pacific Pact
ξ The Kyoto Target Achievement Plan was approved in Japan by the Cabinet in April, 2005 with a target of 6% reduction.
ξ has been internationally active with initiatives such as a proposal of a massive reduction in CO2 emissions in advanced nations to levels one-fourth of those in 2002 by 2050
ξ oil consumption in areas other than transportation will be almost zero by 2050
ξ by 2100, natural gas will remain as an energy source for industry and transport
ξ most other energy needs will be met by renewable energy sources such as nuclear power, hydrogen energy, and solar energy
ξ In the transport sector the targets for climate change, toxic emissions, and energy security are addressed by the following measures
improving fuel-efficiency of gasoline and diesel vehicles
advanced powertrains
penetration of CNG vehicles etc.
promotion of .Eco-driving. etc.
utilization of public transportation and promotion of ITS etc.
improvement of freight distribution efficiency

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~ Milk and Bio Fuel

»Milk and Bio Fuel
ξ with a friend whose company transports spoiled milk to a local incinerator,
ξ Onodera hit upon the idea of diverting the cargo and putting some of the curdled cow juice to good use
ξ The professor and his colleagues began their two-step conversion process by brewing a batch of sugar-spiked solution mimicking the bacteria-friendly confines of wastewater
ξ their small bioreactor relied on heat-loving microbes to digest the sludge in the absence of oxygen at a toasty 131 degrees Fahrenheit,
ξ approximating the conditions within some landfills and creating methane as well as carbon dioxide
ξ (scientists consider the carbon dioxide release carbon-neutral because its escape into the atmosphere is balanced by what had been taken in during photosynthesis by the grass or corn that fed the dairy cows).
ξ Onoderas team added a portion of the digested glop to a second container filled with rancid milk
ξ when the solution was starved of oxygen and kept at a relatively neutral pH,
ξ it yielded eight times its own volume in biogas over a one-week period
ξ half the captured biogas was hydrogen,
ξ the other half carbon dioxide
ξ by periodically replacing part of the bacteria-laden sludge with milk and
ξ making sure the solution remained at the right pH,
ξ Onodera found that the system continuously produced biogas until he stopped it 100 days later
ξ by then, the solution was yielding more than five times its own volume in biogas every two days

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~ CDM Consulting Co., Ltd.

»CDM Consulting Co., Ltd.

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