»LNG by Wikipedia
ξ density ca. 0.41 to 0.5 kg/L
ξ typically contains more than 90% methane
ξ also contains small amounts of ethane, propane, butane and some heavier alkanes
ξ can be considered as the most environmentally friendly of the fossil fuels

»Cryostar

LNG bulk supply
ξ the transfer of LNG from trailer to stationary tank is done either by gravity or by transfer pumps
ξ using a transfer pump significantly reduces the transfer time
ξ this pump can be located on the trailer or be ground mounted
ξ stations can be equipped with an automatic loading system to manage top or bottom filling

LNG storage tank
ξ LNG is stored in cryogenic vessels
ξ vacuum insulation technology ensures maximum safety and minimum gas boil off loss
ξ all venting lines are collected and sent to the vent stack located on the higher part of the cryogenic tank
ξ vertical or horizontal tanks
ξ she storage tanks are equipped with level and pressure transmitters, in order to monitor, in real time, the tanks state

LNG container mounted system
ξ for heavy duty vehicles such as trucks, buses, mining equipment etc … liquified natural gas is the most effective solution
ξ loading natural gas in its liquid state on vehicles significantly increases the range of the vehicle and reduces the refuelling frequency
ξ this system is designed for instant start and stop for immediate fuelling
ξ it can serve up to 2 LNG dispensers at 300 l/min (80 GPM) at up to 16 bar (235 psi)
ξ designed according to the most stringent regulations of ATEX
ξ a low gas loss process with recovery of the vehicle's tank boil off gas

LNG dispenser
ξ equipped with a Coriolis flow meter to ensure high precision weight measurement independently from the natural gas density
ξ a unique vent gases recovery system has been developed to reduce CH4 emissions

»LNG in California

»Introduction to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)/YemenLNG/
Reserves:
~ the world’s reserves of natural gas total more than 6,300 trillion cubic metres
~ and should last around 65 years at current consumption levels
~ LNG is natural gas in its liquid state
History:
~ natural gas first liquefied in the 19th century by Michael Faraday and Karl Von Linde
~ the industry as it is known today did not start until the 1960s,
~ commencing in 1961 with Britain signing a 15-year supply contract between Algeria and
~ the UK to take less than 1 million tonnes per annum
~ delivery commenced in 1965
~ this import of LNG into the UK stopped in the early 1970s when the North Sea started production of natural gas
~ the first liquefaction plant in the world was commissioned at Arzew in Algeria
~ to supply this contract with gas production coming from the gas reserves located in the Sahara
Facts:
~ maintained as liquid at around (-160°C) and at atmospheric pressure
~ colourless, odourless and non-toxic
~ 1/600 the volume of vaporised natural gas
~ stored and transported at atmospheric pressure
~ lighter than air and readily disperses into the atmosphere
~ visible as a vapour cloud if released
~ flammable only in concentrations of 5 percent to 15 percent
~ major hazard is as a vapour: upon release it can combust, cause asphyxiation and burn human tissue

Westport Innovations Inc
~ Westport Innovations Inc. (TSX:WPT), a global leader in gaseous-fuelled power technologies,
~ announced that the Board of South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) has approved US$2.9 million for the immediate acquisition and
~ deployment of 20 Westport liquefied natural gas (LNG) heavy-duty trucks at the Port of Los Angeles (POLA) and Port of Long Beach (POLB)
~ under the terms of the agreement with SCAQMD, Total Transportation Services Inc
~ (TTSI) of Los Angeles replaces 20 of its pre-1990 trucks with the 2006 CARB and EPA certified Westport LNG systems
~ installed in Kenworth T800 trucks
~ the funding support for TTSI's LNG vehicle acquisition represents US$144,000 per truck
~ »Westport
~ »Cummins Westport

»Statoil Starts LNG Production from Snohvit
~ Statoil commenced production of LNG at the Hammerfest LNG plant
~ after five years of development, the most northerly gas liquefaction plant in the world came on stream
~ the LNG production started 24 years after the discovery of the Barents Sea's Snohvit field
~ at the heart of the plant is the cooling system based on technology developed in collaboration between Statoil and Linde
~ the German industrial group also been the main contractor during the development phase
~ the valves were opened on the Snohvit wells in the Barents Sea and gas flowed through the 143-kilometre pipeline to land
~ and in to the plant at Melkoya, where the well flow is separated into natural gas and condensate
~ the gas flow is then cleansed of impurities such as carbon dioxide and water
~ subsequently the carbon dioxide is returned to the field and injected into the subsurface for deposition
~ environmental measure based on the experience Statoil has acquired through similar operations on the Sleipner fields in the North Sea
~ the natural gas then undergoes a cooling process where it is gradually cooled to minus 163 degrees Celsius
~ it is in this process that the gas is transformed into LNG.
~ the LNG is stored on an intermediary basis in two large tanks at Melkoya
~ when the plant is in full production, one special carrier will arrive at Melkoya every five or six days to collect LNG and transport it to customers
~ The Hammerfest LNG plant is the largest ever industrial development in north Norway
~ developed the fields in the Tromso Patch and the Hammerfest LNG plant by implementing technology developed using previous experience from projects in the North and Norwegian Seas
~ in addition to long-term research and development
~ Licensees in the Snohvit field are Statoil/33.53%, Petoro/30.00%, Total E&P Norge/18.40%,
~ Gaz de France/12.00%, Hess Norge/3.26% and RWE-DEA/2.81%

Hammerfest LNG is brought on stream
~ production of LNG started from Europe's largest LNG plant at Melkøya island near Hammerfest, Norway
~ announced by Norwegian oil and gas company Statoil ASA, the operator of the Snøhvit gas field in the Barents Sea
~ Linde been responsible for engineering, procurement and construction assistance of the plant
~ gas delivered to the plant through a 143 km long subsea pipeline from production wells located on the seabed 300 metres below the sea level
~ the feed gas first flows through a pipe assembly called slug catcher where gas, condensate, water and glycol are separated
~ the gas stream is further treated to eliminate CO2, water and mercury prior to entering the liquefaction process
~ LNG then transferred to storage tanks awaiting transport by LNG tankers to customers in USA and Europe
~ CO2 separated from the wells stream compressed and transported back to the Snøhvit field via pipeline,
~ where it is injected in a separate reservoir for storage, thus minimising the emission of CO2 from the plant
~ the LNG process plant at Melkøya is the world's most energy efficient plant of its kind