Germany's Sensor Sensing

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~ Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean ~ German Research Foundation ~ Continental VDO	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
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«Sensor Sensing	Θ	Θ
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~ Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean

»Oxygen Depletion: A New Form of Ocean Habitat Loss
ξ An international team of physical oceanographers including a researcher from Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego
ξ has discovered that oxygen-poor regions of tropical oceans are expanding as
ξ the oceans warm,
ξ limiting the areas in which predatory fishes and other marine organisms can live or enter in search of food.

ξ Janet Sprintall contributed data from the cruise to a new study describing declining oxygen levels in tropical oceans
ξ The new study is led by Lothar Stramma from the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR) in Kiel, Germany
ξ and is co-authored by Janet Sprintall, a physical oceanographer at Scripps Oceanography and others
ξ The researchers found through analysis of a database of ocean oxygen measurements
ξ that levels in tropical oceans at a depth of 300 to 700 meters (985 to 2,300 feet) have declined during the past 50 years
ξ The ecological impacts of this increase could have substantial biological and economical consequences.
ξ "We found the largest reduction in a depth of 300 to 700 meters (985 to 2,300 feet) in the tropical northeast Atlantic,
ξ whereas the changes in the eastern Indian Ocean were much less pronounced," said Stramma.
ξ "Whether or not these observed changes in oxygen can be attributed to global warming alone is still unresolved.
ξ The reduction in oxygen may also be caused by natural processes on shorter time scales."
ξ Sprintall said the oxygen-poor areas have the potential to move into coastal areas via currents
ξ that flow from the mid-depth tropical oceans, where the oxygen changes were observed, and along the west coast of continents.
ξ "The width of the low-oxygen zone is expanding deeper but also shoaling toward the ocean surface," said Sprintall,
ξ a specialist in observing changes of fluxes in ocean properties such as heat distribution.
ξ Sprintall contributed data to the study gathered during recent cruises undertaken as part of the Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) program,
ξ a long-running study operated by the World Climate Research Programme
ξ that seeks to understand climate through ocean-atmosphere interactions.
ξ The study, "Expanding Oxygen-Minimum Zones in the Tropical Oceans," appears in the May 2 edition of the journal Science.
ξ The research team includes Stramma, Sprintall, NOAA scientist Gregory Johnson, and
ξ Volker Mohrholz from the Institute for Baltic Sea Research in Warnemünde, Germany.
ξ The team selected ocean regions for which they could obtain the greatest amount of data to document the decline in oxygen.
ξ Some of the more recent data came from oxygen sensors which have been added to about 150 of the profiling floats used in Argo,
ξ a worldwide network of sensors that track basic ocean conditions such as temperature and salinity.
ξ There are more than 3,000 Argo floats operating in the world's oceans, and
ξ Sprintall said the quality of the data gathered by the Argo floats suggests that more units in the network should be outfitted with oxygen sensors.

ξ Lisa Levin, a biological oceanographer at Scripps Oceanography
ξ who studies oxygen-minimum zones that intercept the seafloor,
ξ said an expansion of oxygen-minimum zones in the oceans could lead to diminished biodiversity and
ξ to the expanded distributions of organisms that have adapted to live in hypoxic, or oxygen-poor waters.

ξ During an April 2007 CLIVAR cruise,
ξ researchers collected water samples from the Indian Ocean to measure their oxygen content.
ξ An international team incorporated the results into an analysis of global oxygen-minimum zone expansion.
ξ "I think it's uncharted territory," said Levin, who was not affiliated with the study.
ξ "Thicker oxygen minimum zones could affect nutrient cycling, predator-prey relationships and plankton migrations.
ξ Where the expanding oxygen-minimum zones impinge on continental margins, we could see huge ecosystem changes."

ξ The results of the study are an important milestone for the ongoing work of the new Collaborative Research Centre (SFB 754)
ξ "Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean" funded by the German Research Foundation,
ξ which started its first phase in January 2008 in close cooperation with the University of Kiel.
ξ The SFB aims to better define the interactions between climate and biogeochemistry on a quantitative basis.



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~ German Research Foundation

»German Research Foundation



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~ Continental VDO

»Continental VDO



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