Japan's Car Sensing Δ 14th of January 2014 Ω 3:44 PM

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«Car Sensing	Θ	Θ
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~ Mazda Renesis Hydrogen Rotary Engine

Mazda Showcases Renesis Hydrogen Rotary Engine

General
ξ Mazda is committed to creating better relations between the motorized society and the global environment of the 21st century,
ξ while, at the same time, maintaining and advancing the company's characteristic Zoom-Zoom spirit.
ξ Thoughtful, innovative products developed by Mazda can balance the dual needs of both the environment and the driving enthusiast.
ξ One example of Mazda's most recent efforts --the RENESIS Hydrogen Rotary Engine--is being showcased at the 2003 Tokyo Motor Show.
ξ As the world's only manufacturer of rotary engines
ξ Mazda continues to develop and explore all the potential and possibilities of this unique internal combustion engine.
ξ The RENESIS is Mazda's next-generation rotary engine that was launched in early 2003 in the all-new Mazda RX-8.
ξ By virtue of its smooth performance, compact size and unique driving characteristics,
ξ RENESIS was named International Engine of the Year in June 2003.
ξ It delivers high power output for a naturally aspirated engine of its size and
ξ demonstrates significantly improved fuel economy and reduced emissions compared with previous generation rotary engines.
ξ Now, as the auto industry's attention turns to hydrogen as a potential source of power for fuel cell vehicles,
ξ Mazda confidently presents a realistic example of its hydrogen-power technology,
ξ embodied in the hydrogen-powered version of the RENESIS.
ξ Fun to drive and environmentally sound,
ξ the RENESIS Hydrogen Rotary Engine is a Mazda-unique alternative-fuel vehicle.
ξ It is the ultimate demonstration of the flexibility of the unique rotary engine,
ξ maintaining a traditional driving feel, yet realizing extremely clean emissions through the use of hydrogen.
ξ The RENESIS Hydrogen Rotary Engine capitalizes on the advantages of the rotary engine
ξ to assure the same ease-of-operation and reliability whether the engine is running on gasoline or hydrogen fuel.
ξ Moreover, since the engine requires modifications to run on hydrogen,
ξ it could enable production of a relatively low-cost hydrogen-powered alternative-fuel vehicle.
ξ The engine has been developed with a dual-fuel system,
ξ allowing it to run on either gasoline or hydrogen,
ξ as Mazda believes desirable, flexible automotive choices will help effectively promote the usage of hydrogen fuel and
ξ the development of a supporting infrastructure.

The fruit of over ten years of research and development of hydrogen power.
ξ The RENESIS Hydrogen Rotary Engine is not Mazda's first effort in this area of advanced R&D.
ξ In 1991, Mazda developed and tested its first hydrogen rotary-powered prototype vehicle, known as the Mazda HR-X.
ξ Concurrent with the development of the HR-X2,
ξ the engineering team also developed an experimental version of the MX-5 roadster in 1993, powered by a hydrogen rotary.
ξ Two years later, in 1995, Mazda was granted approval by Japan's then Ministry of Transport to conduct on-road tests of two hydrogen rotarypowered Capella Cargos.
ξ At this time, Mazda also began to experiment with fuel cell electric vehicles (FC-EV) alongside its hydrogen rotary engine program.
ξ In 1992, Mazda developed a prototype vehicle with fuel cell electric battery, and in 1997, created a Mazda Demio FC-EV.
ξ In 2001, Mazda began conducting public road tests of the methanol-reforming type Premacy FC-EV.
ξ Data on driving performance, fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and other parameters were collected during on-road tests to advance studies aimed at commercialization.
ξ The RENESIS Hydrogen Rotary Engine, as presented at the 2003 Tokyo Motor Show,
ξ is another step forward in these ongoing efforts to experiment and develop alternative-fuel solutions.
ξ *Sanctioned by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Mazda RENESIS Hydrogen Rotary Engine technologies
ξ The RENESIS Hydrogen Rotary Engine incorporates an electronically-controlled hydrogen injector system
ξ the hydrogen is injected in a gaseous state
ξ the system draws air from the side port during the induction cycle and
ξ uses dual hydrogen injectors in each of the engine's twin rotor housings to directly inject hydrogen into the intake chambers
ξ the following technologies have been introduced to help maximize the benefits of the rotary engine in hydrogen combustion mode.

Direct injection system
ξ By virtue of its construction --with separate chambers for induction and combustion--
ξ the rotary engine is ideally suited to burn hydrogen
ξ without inviting the backfiring
ξ that can occur when hydrogen is burned in a traditional piston engine.
ξ the separate induction chamber also provides a safer temperature for fitting the dual hydrogen injectors with their rubber seals,
ξ which are susceptible to the high temperatures encountered in a conventional reciprocating engine.

Twin hydrogen injectors
ξ Because hydrogen has an extremely low density,
ξ a much greater injection volume is required compared with gasoline.
ξ This demands the use of more than one injector,
ξ which can be difficult to achieve with a conventional reciprocating engine
ξ because of the structural constraints that prevent directly mounting injectors in the combustion chamber.
ξ In contrast, the rotary engine provides adequate space for installation of two injectors per induction chamber.
ξ With its twin hydrogen injectors, Mazda's hydrogen rotary engine is both practicable and able to deliver sufficient power.

Excellent mixing of hydrogen intake charge
ξ In a reciprocating engine, the output shaft turns through 180 degrees in one cycle,
ξ whereas the rotary engine's output shaft covers a greater angle of 270 degrees,
ξ enabling a more vigorous intake flow for ample mixing of the hydrogen-air intake charge.
ξ This promotes production of a uniform mixture,
ξ which is critical for hydrogen combustion.

Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE
ξ The RENESIS Hydrogen Rotary Engine is currently undergoing running tests in a special-edition Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE test vehicle.
ξ The test vehicle is equipped with a dual-fuel system that consists of
ξ a high-pressure hydrogen tank and
ξ separate gasoline tank, and
ξ can run on either hydrogen or gasoline.
ξ It is as reliable and easy to operate when running on hydrogen as on gasoline.
ξ In addition to the revolutionary RENESIS rotary engine,
ξ the Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE test vehicle benefits from improved aerodynamics, o
ξ ptimised tires and weight-saving measures, as well as a host of tech-nologies for exceptional environmental compatibility.

Three layer wet-on paint
ξ This water-based paint dramatically reduces emission of organic solvents, saves energy by shortening the drying process and reduces CO2.

Plant-based plastic for interior parts
ξ Plant-based plastic is an attractive alternative to plastics derived from fossil fuels such as petroleum.
ξ Plant-based plastic fiber-reinforced extrusion-molded plastic employing cellulose extracted from timber is used for quarter panels, and
ξ reduces CO2 emission.

Low-resistance brakes
ξ Use of a fast-fill tandem master cylinder reduces brake drag.

Low-resistance hub carriers
ξ Reduced friction hub carriers help cut power losses

Future Systems of Hydrogen Rotary Engine Cars
ξ At the 2003 Tokyo Motor Show, Mazda is also presenting a number of technologies currently being developed
ξ that could help support the potential for a futuristic hydrogen rotary system.
ξ These next-generation technologies are being refined to help achieve the dual goals of drivability
ξ comparable with gasoline cars and excellent efficiency derived from the practical use of energy.
ξ An example of these technologies includes an electric-motorassisted turbocharger
ξ to enhance the efficiency of hydrogen combustion
ξ and regeneration of energy from the car's exhaust.
ξ Additionally, in an effort to capitalize on existing hybrid technology,
ξ Mazda continues to refine the idle-stop system;
ξ regenerative braking systems;
ξ electric acceleration assistance systems; and
ξ other means of improving the efficiency of the entire vehicle.
ξ By combining these various technologies,
ξ Mazda is aiming to achieve advanced clean-running vehicles
ξ that also deliver an exceptional driving experience in line with the company's ZoomZoom spirit.

Electric-motor-assist turbocharge
ξ An electric-motor-assist turbocharger is used to maximize the effectiveness of forced induction throughout the rev range.
ξ At low rpm, beginning at approximately 1000 rpm, an electric motor operates to assist the turbocharger and increase induction efficiency.
ξ At high rpm, the turbocharger is driven in a traditional fashion, by the flow of exhaust gas alone.

Mazda Hybrid System
ξ The Mazda Hybrid System is composed of a motor, inverter and a 144-volt battery.
ξ When the vehicle is stationary --for example, when waiting at traffic signals--
ξ the system normally stops the engine to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions, and
ξ restarts it automatically with the electric motor when the driver is ready to accelerate.
ξ Additionally, when the engine is running at low rpm,
ξ the electric motor is used to boost engine torque and effectively improve response.
ξ During deceleration, the motor operates as an electrical generator,
ξ recovering the braking energy and using this energy to recharge the battery.

Hydrogen fuel: From stationary to moving on
ξ The engine is normally stopped automatically when the vehicle is stationary
ξ the engine is not stopped when battery recharging is required
ξ The engine is automatically restarted by electric hybrid motor when moving off.

Hydrogen fuel: Accelerating from standing position
ξ The electric hybrid motor provides torque assist for initial acceleration when the engine is running at low rpm.
ξ Further assist is provided by the electric-motor-assist turbocharger, which begins operating at approximately 1000 rpm.

Hydrogen fuel: During steady running
ξ Running on hydrogen fuel. Lean combustion promotes NOx emission levels as low as just a few parts per million.

Hydrogen fuel: During acceleration or running under high speed and load conditions.
ξ The electric-motor-assist turbocharger boosts induction to assure ample power with lean combustion.

Hydrogen fuel: During deceleration
ξ Fuel cut-off by electronic throttle control.
ξ In addition, the motor/generator recovers electric power through battery charging.

Gasoline fuel
ξ a gasoline and air mixture is introduced through the side ports of the rotor housing as with a conventional RENESIS rotary engine.
ξ The engine is normally stopped when the vehicle is stationary, and
ξ restarted automatically by the motor when moving off.
ξ Changing between gasoline and hydrogen fuel is achieved by a simple switch operation from the driver's seat.

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