Hydrogen Sensing of California Δ 25th of February 2014 Ω 4:24 AM

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~ sense for Ξ ~ California Hydrogen Highway ~ Hydrogen Pathway Program by UCDAVIS	~ Future Farmers ~ California Hydrogen Fueling Stations Project ~ Air Resources Board	~ sense for Ξ ~ Honda Solar Hydrogen Refueling Station ~ PolyFuel
~ Intematix ~ California Fuel Cell Partnership ~ South Bay Cities	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
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«U.S. Hydrogen Sensing	Θ	Θ
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~ California Hydrogen Highway

»California Hydrogen Highway

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~ Hydrogen Pathway Program by UCDAVIS

»Hydrogen Pathway Program by UCDAVIS

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~ Future Farmers

»Future Farmers

DIY Algae/Hydrogen Bioreactor

DIY Algae/Hydrogen Kit
ξ was a first time collaboration between Amy Franceschini and Jonathan Meuser
ξ scientists are testing and generating strains of algae to determine
ξ which one most efficiently produces hydrogen in a process called "biophotolysis"
ξ most of the activity takes place under highly controlled environments in laboratories within universities
ξ Amy was interested in creating a "backyard/DIY" model which would allow people (not only scientists) to produce hydrogen
ξ researcher, Jonathan Meuser used this opportunity to exhibit a model of "biophotolysis" to test a system in his backyard
ξ it produced hydrogen and could demonstrate the process using off the shelf and found supplies

Maria Ghirardi
ξ green algae can produce hydrogen gas, H2, in a process called "biophotolysis" or "photobiological hydrogen production"
ξ this process is carried out by photosynthetic enzymes
ξ these split water to obtain electrons, excite these electrons with photons, and eventually use these electrons to reduce 2H+ to H2
ξ the enzyme that actually releases the hydrogen, called a "reversible hydrogenase", is sensitive to oxygen
ξ the process of photosynthesis, of course, produces oxygen
ξ this normally stops hydrogen production very quickly in green algae
ξ to overcome this problem scientists are generating O2-tolerant, H2-producing mutants of the green alga
ξ Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by various genetic approaches
ξ the ultimate goal of this work is to develop a water-splitting process
ξ that will result in a commercial H2-producing system that is cost effective, scalable to large production, non-polluting, and self-sustaining

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~ California Hydrogen Fueling Stations Project

»Hydrogen fueling stations stall in Calif.
ξ only 175 vehicles in California running on hydrogen and nearly all of those are in government fleets
ξ Mary Nichols (Chairman) of the state Air Resources Board said the hydrogen fueling station program is still on track

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~ Air Resources Board

»Air Resources Board
ξ he Board now employs roughly 1,200 engineers, scientists and attorneys, with an annual operating budget of more than $750 million.

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~ Honda Solar Hydrogen Refueling Station

HONDA SOLAR HYDROGEN REFUELING STATION
ξ California R&D unit conducts studies on hydrogen production, storage and fueling using renewable energy sources
ξ unit supports Honda's ongoing fuel cell-powered vehicle development program
ξ in July 2001, Honda R&D Company, Ltd. and U.S.-based Honda R&D Americas, Inc. opened the first solar powered hydrogen production and fueling station
ξ the station uses an array of photovoltaic (PV) cells to extract hydrogen from water via electrolysis
ξ when power from the PV array is unavailable or insufficient, electricity from the grid is used for the electrolysis process
ξ Honda has been participating in the California Fuel Cell Partnership

Hydrogen Fueling Station
ξ located at Honda's research and development center in Torrance, CA
ξ 8 kW array of photovoltaic (PV) cells
ξ Electrolysis system that uses electricity to extract hydrogen from water
ξ Control system for using solar-generated electricity with maximum efficiency
ξ Compressor for compressing the hydrogen to 350 bar (5000 psi) for storage
ξ Compressed hydrogen storage tank with a capacity of 400 liters at 350 bar

The system
ξ when running exclusively on solar energy, can produce about 5,700 liters (at 350 bar) of gaseous hydrogen per year
ξ this is enough to fuel one car for a year
ξ by using both solar power and electricity from the grid, the station's production capability is 26,000 liters per year
ξ cars can be fueled at the rate of 20 liters per minute
ξ hydrogen is dispensed to the vehicle using a unique fast-fill and multi-bank cascade system
ξ a mass flow sensor records the amount of fuel delivered
ξ an innovative pure water recirculation system keeps water losses in the electrolyser at a minimum
ξ the control system maximizes hydrogen production efficiency by regulating fluctuations in electric power production caused by changes in sunlight intensity
ξ Honda is able to minimize energy losses associated with producing hydrogen using solar energy
ξ nearly silent operation
ξ visual impact; it promotes a �customer-friendly� image with its graceful canopy design and its compact and easy-to-operate features
ξ all hardware systems are hidden from the user, so the station is not at all �intimidating�
ξ it conveys a positive sense of the future of energy, including renewable options and safe operation

Fulling Process
ξ does not embed payment - station is inside R&D center
ξ the station was built to standards for hydrogen systems developed by the National Fire Protection Association
ξ an infrared camera is used to monitor operations at all times
ξ the system is designed to immediately shut down in the event of an earthquake
ξ Honda fueling station achieves vehicle refueling without special clothing requirements (in contrast to Ford and the Chicago Transit Authority)
ξ designed so that hydrogen fuel may be accepted by society
ξ the refueling operation is easy enough for everyone to use because the station requires the user to go through specific refueling steps,
ξ communicated through the touch screen interface panel
ξ once hydrogen begins flowing into the vehicle, Honda has no special safety rule regarding where the operator should position himself
ξ For example, Chicago requires the operator to leave the area until fueling was completed
ξ at Honda, the operator usually stands by and watches the fueling process
ξ the only weather/environmental condition that Honda has identified during which fueling is not to be done
ξ is an actual or expected thunder and/or lightning storm
ξ since the facility is outdoors, in general, fueling is not done when it is raining

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~ PolyFuel

»PolyFuel
ξ the objective of EERE project is to further integrate and miniaturize the components of PolyFuel's portable power system for use in mobile computing
ξ and analyze failure modes to increase durability
ξ Polyfuel will also conduct a design for manufacturability and assembly review
ξ to ensure that the systems meet the cost targets for commercialization
ξ $2.5 million

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~ Intematix

»Intematix
ξ envolved in IEA's Task 26

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~ California Fuel Cell Partnership

»California Fuel Cell Partnership

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»South Bay Cities

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