BIO Energy Organizations Δ 13th of January 2014 Ω 5:11 AM

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~ International Energy Agency (IEA) ~ IEA Bioenergy ~ BIO Energy Projects by IEA	~ The Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) ~ NIBIB ~ CAAFI by FAA	~ National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ~ NREL Biomass Program ~ OECD and Biofuels
~ Union of Concerned Scientists ~ Open Energy Technology Bulletin ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
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~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ Short Rotation Crops for Bioenergy Systems	~ Biomass from Sustainable Forestry ~ Biomass Combustion and Co-firing ~ Thermal Gasification of Biomass	~ Pyrolysis of Biomass ~ ~ Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste
~ Energy from Biogas and Landfill Gas ~ Greenhouse Gas Balances and Bioenergy Systems ~ Liquid Biofuels from Biomass	~ Sustainable International Bioenergy Trade ~ Bioenergy Systems Analysis ~ sense for Ξ	~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ ~ sense for Ξ
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«BIO Sensing	Θ	Θ
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~ International Energy Agency

»International Energy Agency

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~ IEA Bioenergy

»IEA Bioenergy

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~ BIO Energy Projects by IEA

»BIO Energy Projects by IEA
ξ Bioenergy resources such as forestry and agriculture crops, biomass residues and wastes already provide about 14% of the world's primary energy supplies.
ξ Bioenergy offers cost-effective and sustainable opportunities with the potential to meet 50% of world energy demands during the next century and
ξ at the same time meet the requirement of reducing carbon emissions from fossil fuels.

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~ The Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB)

»The Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB)

The RCSB PDB
ξ is based at Rutgers University in New Jersey, and
ξ the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) and
ξ Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
ξ Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of California at San Diego.

Bourne
ξ a distinguished scientist with SDSC
ξ has been leveraging the resources of the supercomputer center to create a highly uniform and robust process
ξ for archiving and providing access to the molecular structures.

The RCSB PDB is responsible for releasing PDB entries into the archive after they have been reviewed and annotated.

At Rutgers
ξ RCSB PDB members annotate structures and develop the sophisticated infrastructure needed to handle these complex data.
ξ The primary PDB FTP site is based at SDSC, which serves as the distribution point for PDB users.
ξ In addition to the SDSC site, there are failover sites at both the UCSD Skaggs School and Rutgers University to ensure constant access.

In addition to a comprehensive website and database that lets users search, analyze, and visualize the structures of biological macromolecules and
their relationships to sequence, function, and disease, the RCSB PDB features a Molecule of the Month series, which recently published its 100th installment.
Proteins, one of the main building blocks for living organisms, come in a variety of shapes, with the form of a protein corresponding to its function.
The structures housed in the PDB demonstrate great diversity in size, complexity, and function, including:
ξ Insulin, the protein deficient in diabetic patients
ξ p53 tumor suppressor, a protein often implicated in cancer
ξ Anthrax toxin, the disease-causing protein made by anthrax
ξ Amyloid peptide, a protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease

The RCSB PDB is supported by funds from
ξ the National Science Foundation,
ξ the National Institute of General Medical Sciences,
ξ the Office of Science,
ξ the Department of Energy,
ξ the National Library of Medicine,
ξ the National Cancer Institute,
ξ the National Center for Research Resources,
ξ the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering,
ξ the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and
ξ the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases.

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~ National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)

»National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)

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~ Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI by FAA)

»CAAFI Alternative Fuels Roadmap

Long-term Roadmap (page 12)
ξ Ocean Bio Fuel Factories

2008 (page 13/14)
ξ Analysis of DARPA Biojet Fuels
ξ Samples to AFRL
ξ Bio-kerosene from Algae & Palm Oil Created
ξ Lab Test of Algae & Palm Oil Bio-fuel
ξ Biojet Combustion Kinetics, Combustor Blend Data by FAA/NASA

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~ National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)

»National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
ξ Biomass is plant matter such as trees, grasses, agricultural crops or other biological material.
ξ It can be used as a solid fuel, or converted into liquid or gaseous forms,
ξ for the production of electric power, heat, chemicals, or fuels.
ξ By integrating a variety of biomass conversion processes, all of these products can be made in one facility, called a biorefinery.
ξ NREL is working to develop cost effective, environmentally friendly biomass conversion technologies
ξ to reduce our nation's dependence on foreign oil, improve our air quality, and support rural economies. Learn more about biomass.

Biomass R&D efforts at NREL are focused on:
ξ biomass characterization,
ξ thermochemical and biochemical biomass conversion technologies,
ξ biobased products development, and
ξ biomass process engineering and analysis

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~ NREL Biomass Program

»NREL Biomass Program

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~ OECD and Biofuels

»OECD and Biofuels
ξ one of the most significant warnings against biofuel policies was given by OECD's roundtable on sustainable development in the report
ξ "Biofuels: Is the cure worse than the disease"
ξ large-scale production of traditional biofuels (corn ethanol and vegetable oil esters) presents a risk
ξ to food supplies, food prices, the environment and biodiversity
ξ asks national governments to phase out current mandates for biofuels by replacing them with technology-neutral policies, such as carbon taxes
ξ states that biomass production will likely put increased environmental pressure on tropical regions,
ξ but that liberalizing trade in biofuels is essential for global objectives, as the biofuels produced in tropical regions have an economical advantage
ξ points out that only worldwide certification of biofuels makes a difference
ξ selective certification creates the appearance of sustainable production for some, while others may continue the unsustainable production
ξ an example of vivid discussion on sustainability of feedstock for biofuels relates to palm oil
ξ according to the statistics from Fediol, the world production of palm and soy oil has about doubled since 1993
ξ Palm oil plantations, located mainly in Malaysia and Indonesia, are a threat to rain forests and endangered animal species such as orangutans
ξ 80% of all palm oil is used by the food industry
ξ palm oil is increasingly used for power generation and biodiesel production in Europe
ξ with current biofuel policies these volumes will grow
ξ the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), in which organizations around the entire supply chain for palm oil are represented,
ξ are aiming to define criteria for the sustainable production and use of palm oil, and to promote best practices and solutions

Ethanol
ξ can be produced both from sugar-rich crops using conventional technology (first generation) and
ξ from cellulosic materials using more advanced technologies (next generation)
ξ first generation ethanol can be efficient, as well as for yields and CO2, as demonstrated by the Brazilian case
ξ some experts claim that production of cellulosic ethanol can be energy intensive
ξ regardless of the process, the quality of the end product is the same
ξ Ethanol is not a trouble-free fuel
ξ Used as a blending component in gasoline it increases evaporative emissions, may cause corrosion, and may lead to troubles with phase separation in cold conditions
ξ Ethers give better end-use properties than plain ethanol
ξ When used at high concentrations, e.g. E85, ethanol creates problems with corrosion, aldehyde emissions and startability
ξ Therefore, at least at the current level of engine technology, ethanol is not the preferred biofuel regarding end-use properties

Biogas
ξ is often classified as a first generation biofuel, based on the rather simple production process
ξ is a high quality clean fuel
ξ Cleaned biogas can, unlike other first generation biofuels, substitute natural gas up to 100% in vehicle applications
ξ the well-to-wheel GHG balance of biogas is very favorable

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~ Union of Concerned Scientists

»Union of Concerned Scientists

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~ Open Energy Technology Bulletin

»Open Energy Technology Bulletin

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~Short Rotation Crops for Bioenergy Systems (Task 30)

»BIO Energy Projects by IEA

Short Rotation Crops for Bioenergy Systems (Task 30)
ξ The objective of Task 30 is to acquire, synthesise and transfer theoretical and practical knowledge of
ξ sustainable short rotation biomass production systems and
ξ thereby to enhance market development and large-scale implementation in collaboration with the various sectors involved.
ξ The Task also aims to improve the awareness of biomass production potential and
ξ to promote the use of biomass for energy in participating countries.
ξ The Task is confined to short rotation crops that entirely or by means of residuals
ξ may provide biomass to the energy market, and
ξ comprises lignocellulosic crops in farming systems and plantation forests grown on short rotations.
ξ The latter category includes coppice systems and also fast-growing single-stem plantations (rotation period 6 to 12 years).
ξ These short rotation systems usually employ willow, hybrid poplar and Eucalyptus pecies and
ξ produce large quantities of biomass suitable for energy purposes.
ξ In many nstances, they form an important component of nutrient cycling and
ξ thus may play an mportant role in environmental management.
ξ Pest and disease problems associated with hort rotation crop systems and
ξ ways to mitigate them are an integral part of this work.

Participating countries:
ξ Australia, Canada, Croatia, Denmark, Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States

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~Biomass Production for Energy from Sustainable Forestry

»BIO Energy Projects by IEA

Biomass Production for Energy from Sustainable Forestry (Task 31)
ξ The objective of the Task is to develop an integrative framework
ξ for information related to biomass production for energy from sustainable forestry,
ξ based on leading-edge science and technology, and
ξ to share and promote the use of such an information framework
ξ with advanced information technology and a high level of collaboration.
ξ The Task encompasses natural forestry systems and single-stem plantation systems,
ξ which can provide a source of biomass for energy.
ξ The scope is worldwide.
ξ Efforts are made to expand activities to include countries with economies in transition.
ξ The work includes sharing of research results,
ξ stimulation of new research directions in national programmes of participating countries, and
ξ technology transfer from science to resource managers, planners and industry.
ξ The emphasis is on an integrated approach to biological, economic, environmental, and social components of forestry systems.
ξ Multi-disciplinary partnerships of key stakeholders in forest biomass production research, planning, and operations are fostered.
ξ The primary end users for Task outputs are forest managers, researchers and bioenergy planners,
ξ but Task outputs will also be useful to policy makers, NGOs and the interested public.

ξ Participating countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, United States
ξ Note; countries such as Finland is missing !

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~Biomass Combustion and Co-firing

»Biomass Combustion and Co-firing

32. Biomass Combustion and Co-firing
ξ The objective of the Task is to stimulate expansion of biomass combustion
ξ and co-firing for the production of heat and power on a broad scale.
ξ The widespread interest in the work of the Task illustrates the relevance of biomass combustion and co-firing in society.
ξ The emphasis of the activities in the Task are currently:
ξ market introduction to expand the use of biomass combustion in the short term; and
ξ optimisation of biomass combustion technology in the longer term so that it remains competitive.
ξ Technical issues addressed by the Task are:
ξ increasing fuel flexibility, including contaminated biomass and biomass pellets;
ξ advanced process control and sensor development;
ξ corrosion and deposit formation mechanisms;
ξ formation and emission of particulates (aerosols) and primary measures for NOx reduction; and
ξ the improvement of existing systems and development of new concepts.

Participating countries:
ξ Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States

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~Thermal Gasification of Biomass

»IEA international co-operation and collaboration agreements in energy technology R&D

33. Thermal Gasification of Biomass
ξ The objectives of Task 33 are to review and exchange information on biomass gasification research,
ξ development and demonstration (RD&D),
ξ seek continuing involvement with bioenergy industries and to promote co-operation among the participating countries
ξ to eliminate technological impediments to the advancement of thermal gasification of biomass.
ξ The ultimate objective is to promote commercialisation of efficient, economical and environmentally preferable biomass gasification processes,
ξ for the production of electricity, heat and steam, for the production of synthesis gas for subsequent conversion to chemicals, fertilisers,
ξ hydrogen and transportation fuels and also for co-production of these products.

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~Pyrolysis of Biomass

»IEA international co-operation and collaboration agreements in energy technology R&D

34. Pyrolysis of Biomass
ξ Task 34 started in January 2004 and will finish in December 2007.
ξ By agreement between the European Commission (EC) and IEA Bioenergy,
ξ it is integrated with the EC Pyrolysis Network,
ξ which is part of the new ThermalNet project that started in January 2005 and will finish in December 2007.
ξ Thus the two activities are properly synchronised.
ξ The technical focus of PyNe is through a set of tasks that are firmly integrated with
ξ the other two complementary networks on biomass gasification (GasNet) and combustion (CombNet).
ξ An interesting feature of these tasks is the close interactions and complementarity between the three technology areas
ξ that will encourage a high level of interaction in areas of mutual interest.
ξ The main activities of the Task will continue to focus on resolution of technical issues
ξ to aid commercial implementation of fast pyrolysis, information exchange and dissemination by:
ξ dedicated and focused regular meetings centred on Technologies and
ξ tasks that will advance the state-of-the-art through critical reviews and commissioning of specialist material; and
ξ collation and dissemination of relevant information through the regular PyNe newsletter, the PyNe website, and
ξ direct contact between Task members and invited guests through the planned programme of meetings, workshops, and conferences.

Participating countries:
ξ European Commission, Norway, United States

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35. Task does not exist

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~Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste

»IEA international co-operation and collaboration agreements in energy technology R&D

36. Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste
ξ The objective of Task 36 is to maintain a network of participating countries as a forum for information exchange and dissemination.
ξ The waste and energy sector worldwide is currently undergoing a period of intense legislative and institutional change.
ξ Keeping abreast of both policy and technology developments is a prime aim of the Task.
ξ The sharing of good practice and/or new technology and techniques is also a major goal.
ξ The Task participants have chosen a number of key Topic Areas for inclusion in the work programme.
ξ Over the last few years some significant European led changes have occurred in solid waste management.
ξ These include the adoption by the EU of the landfill directive,
ξ the agreement on a common position on harmonising MSW and hazardous waste incineration and
ξ the increasing application of best practice or life-cycle-based analysis to the determination of waste management policy.
ξ These changes will have a profound impact on the way in which solid waste is dealt with, and
ξ consequently on the role, and potential for, energy recovery within this.
ξ Whilst this impact will be most acute in Europe,
ξ other countries will have an interest in developments in Europe and may also follow EU practice.
ξ The pressure to divert biodegradable and combustible waste from landfill is driven by a combination of legislative changes and economics
ξ - increasingly there is a shortage of suitable landfill void and its cost base is increasing.
ξ These drivers provide an opportunity for the development and deployment of cost-effective energy recovery systems.
ξ The deployment of these systems depends on improved efficiency (where the systems are already in place) and
ξ a legislative framework that encourages their development.
ξ In the latter case information on environmental impacts and costs is of prime importance for decision-makers.
ξ The work programme for this Task aims to provide such information in a form that is readily accessible.

Participating countries:
ξ Australia, Canada, European Commission, Finland, France, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom

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~Energy from Biogas and Landfill Gas

»IEA international co-operation and collaboration agreements in energy technology R&D

37. Energy from Biogas and Landfill Gas
ξ The overall objectives of Task 37 are to review and exchange on anaerobic digestion (AD)
ξ to produce, upgrade and utilise biogas as an energy source, digestate (compost) as an organic fertiliser and
ξ the anaerobic degradation process as a link in the chain of waste (water) treatment.
ξ The scope of the work focuses on adoption of appropriate waste management practices,
ξ promotion of the commercialisation of biogas installations,
ξ improvement of the quality of the products and improving environmental standards.
ξ Through the work of the Task, communication between RD&D programmes, the industry and governmental bodies is encouraged and stimulated.
ξ To achieve the objectives, the Task maintains strong relationships with the governments of Member Countries, R&D institutions and industry. Partners are plant and equipment providers, actual and future operators and potential clients interested in the products of anaerobic digestion, i.e. fertiliser (digestate) and biogas.

Participating countries:
ξ Austria, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom

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~Greenhouse Gas Balances of Biomass and Bioenergy Systems

»IEA international co-operation and collaboration agreements in energy technology R&D

38. Greenhouse Gas Balances of Biomass and Bioenergy Systems
ξ The objective of Task 38 is to integrate and analyse information on greenhouse gases, bioenergy, and land use,
ξ thereby covering all components that constitute a biomass or bioenergy system.
ξ The current Task focuses on the application of methodologies to greenhouse gas mitigation projects and programmes.

Participating countries:
ξ Australia, Austria, Canada, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States

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~Liquid Biofuels from Biomass

»IEA international co-operation and collaboration agreements in energy technology R&D

39. Liquid Biofuels from Biomass
ξ The objective of this Task is to provide participants with comprehensive information
ξ to assist with the development and deployment of biofuels for motor fuel use.
ξ The Task is building upon the successes of previous efforts to deal in a coordinated manner
ξ with both the technical and the infrastructure issues related to biofuels.
ξ To meet this objective, the Task is:
ξ - providing information and analyses on policy, regulatory and infrastructure issues
ξ that will help participants encourage the establishment of the infrastructure for biofuels
ξ as a replacement for fossil-based biofuels
ξ - catalysing cooperative research and development projects to help participants develop improved,
ξ cost-effective processes for converting lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol
ξ - providing information and analyses on specialised Topics relating to the production and implementation of biodiesel technologies, and
ξ - providing for information dissemination, outreach to stakeholders, and coordination with other related groups.
ξ The Task structure allows participants to deal with biofuels in a comprehensive manner.

Participating countries:
ξ Austria, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States

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~Sustainable International Bioenergy Trade: Securing Supply and Demand

»IEA international co-operation and collaboration agreements in energy technology R&D

40: Sustainable International Bioenergy Trade: Securing Supply and Demand
ξ The objective of the Task is to investigate what is needed to create a �commodity market� for bioenergy.
ξ Through the international platform provided by IEA Bioenergy,
ξ combined with industry partners, government bodies and NGO�s,
ξ the Task will contribute to the development of sustainable bioenergy markets both in the short
ξ - and long-term and on different scales (from regional to global).
ξ The goal is that this platform will set the agenda and
ξ initiate a host of new activities relevant to the development of biomass potentials worldwide.
ξ The vision of the Task on global bioenergy trade is that it will develop into a real �commodity market�
ξ which will secure supply and demand in a sustainable way. Sustainability provides the key ingredient for long-term security.

Participating countries:
ξ Brazil, Croatia, European Commission, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden

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~Bioenergy Systems Analysis

»IEA international co-operation and collaboration agreements in energy technology R&D

41. Bioenergy Systems Analysis
ξ �Systems Analysis� means the study and analysis of the interaction between different parts of the energy system (eg. consumers, producers, fuel production)
ξ as well as the interaction of the energy system with other parts of society.
ξ The aim is to get a meta analysis of the larger context to facilitate the drawing of conclusions on
ξ priorities, decision making, policy effectiveness etc.
ξ The objective of this Annex is to supply decision makers with scientifically sound and
ξ politically unbiased analyses and conclusions needed for strategic decisions related to research or policy issues.
ξ The target groups are particularly decision makers in Ministries,
ξ national or local administrations, deploying agencies/organisations, etc.
ξ Depending on the character of the various projects some deliverables are also expected to be of direct interest to industry.
ξ Decision makers, both public and private, have to consider a whole range of aspects in their planning and deliberations.
ξ Hence the Task will cover technical, economic and environmental data in its work.
ξ Because of its special character in terms of participation, financing and cross cutting orientation,
ξ the Task is expected to be a valuable resource and instrument for the Executive Committee (ExCo).
ξ The Task will provide the ExCo with a highly qualified team of generalists
ξ with the capability and resources to carry out projects involving several parties (e.g. other Tasks and other organisations) as requested by the ExCo.
ξ It is expected to collaborate, by mutual agreement, with existing Tasks when they are relevant to a current project.
ξ Due to the character of the Task and its close contact with the other Tasks,
ξ the Task is expected to develop into a platform for joint Task work and to be a catalyst for proposals from the other Tasks to the ExCo.
ξ All deliverables from the Task�s programme of work will be made available to all Members of IEA Bioenergy
ξ whether or not they are participants in the Task.

Participating countries:
ξ European Commission, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States

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